The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, it was completed in 1931 and held the title of the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years until the completion of the North Tower of the World Trade Center in 1970.
Characterized by its tiered setbacks and limestone facade, the structure serves as a global icon of American industrial ambition. It remains a major commercial office building and a significant tourist destination, featuring observation decks on the 86th and 102nd floors that offer panoramic views of the New York metropolitan area.
The building was commissioned by John J. Raskob and former New York Governor Al Smith. Construction proceeded at a rapid pace during the Great Depression, with the steel frame rising at a rate of 4.5 stories per week, completing the project in just 410 days.
Upon its opening, the building became the tallest in the world, surpassing the Chrysler Building. It served as a symbol of hope and economic recovery during the 1930s, though it struggled with low occupancy rates during its early years, earning it the nickname 'Empty State Building'.
The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986. In the 21st century, it underwent a massive sustainability retrofit to improve energy efficiency, and the interior lobby was restored to its original 1930s Art Deco splendor.
The Empire State Building is a defining element of the New York City skyline and a symbol of 20th-century urban development. Its prominence in popular culture, including films like King Kong, has cemented its status as an international cultural icon representing the 'American Dream' and the rapid industrialization of the early 20th century.
Scholarly debates and areas of uncertainty
Architectural historians often debate the building's place within the Art Deco movement, specifically regarding the tension between its functionalist, mass-produced construction methods and its decorative, symbolic exterior ornamentation.
Entry Rules
Open daily. Tickets are required for access to the observation decks. Security screening is mandatory for all visitors. No large bags or professional camera equipment allowed without prior permit.
Best Times to Visit
Early morning (before 10:00) or late evening (after 22:00) to avoid peak tourist crowds. Weekdays generally see lower foot traffic than weekends.
Photography
Personal photography is permitted. Tripods, monopods, and professional lighting equipment are prohibited without a commercial filming permit.
Preservation Notes
The building's exterior and lobby are protected landmarks. Visitors are expected to respect the quiet environment of the office floors and follow all posted safety signage on the observation decks.