The Klementinum is a historic complex of buildings in Prague’s Old Town, originally established in the mid-16th century as a Jesuit college. Built on the site of the former Dominican monastery of St. Clement, the complex expanded over two centuries into one of the largest architectural ensembles in Europe. It functioned as a major center of education, scholarship, and scientific research within the Kingdom of Bohemia. After the suppression of the Jesuit order in 1773, the complex was transferred to state control and later became associated with the National Library. Today the Klementinum houses the National Library of the Czech Republic and is known for its Baroque Library Hall and Astronomical Tower, both open to visitors.
Key Facts
- Materials
- Stone masonry, Brick, Stucco, Tile roofing
- Civilization
- Kingdom of Bohemia / Habsburg Monarchy
- Accessibility
- Limited accessibility; historic staircases and tower access involve steps
- Date(s)
- Mid-16th century–18th century
- Condition
- Preserved historic complex housing the National Library
- Original Function
- Jesuit college and university complex
- Key Figures
- Jesuit Order, Emperor Ferdinand I
Jesuit Foundation
1556–17th centuryThe Jesuits were invited to Prague in 1556 and soon established a college at the site of the former Dominican monastery of St. Clement. With strong support from the Habsburg rulers, the institution expanded rapidly, becoming a central hub for Counter-Reformation education and scholarship in Bohemia.
Baroque Expansion
17th–18th centuriesThroughout the 17th and early 18th centuries, the Klementinum was rebuilt and expanded in the Baroque style. Churches, lecture halls, courtyards, and the Astronomical Tower were added. The Baroque Library Hall, completed in 1722, became one of the most architecturally significant interiors in Prague.
Suppression of the Jesuits & State Control
1773–19th centuryFollowing Pope Clement XIV’s suppression of the Jesuit order in 1773, the complex was secularized. It was incorporated into state educational and library institutions, eventually becoming closely associated with what would become the National Library of the Czech Republic.
Modern Role
20th century–presentDuring the 20th century, the Klementinum remained a central scholarly institution despite political upheavals. Today it houses the National Library and continues to function as a major research center. Selected historic interiors, including the Library Hall and Astronomical Tower, are accessible through guided tours.