Belgium

Belgium is a Western European country known for its strategic location, cultural diversity, and historical significance as a crossroads of European powers. It borders France, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, and has a North Sea coastline. The country is characterized by a mix of linguistic and cultural regions, primarily Dutch-speaking Flanders in the north and French-speaking Wallonia in the south, along with a small German-speaking community. Modern Belgium became independent in 1830 and has since developed into a federal parliamentary monarchy. It plays a central role in European and international affairs, hosting major institutions of the European Union and NATO in its capital, Brussels. Belgium is also recognized for its medieval cities, artistic heritage, and contributions to cuisine, including chocolate, beer, and waffles.

Early Settlements and Roman Rule

Prehistory – 5th century CE

The area of modern Belgium was inhabited by Celtic and Germanic tribes before becoming part of the Roman Empire as Gallia Belgica. Roman influence introduced urbanization, roads, and trade networks that shaped the region’s early development.

Medieval Principalities and Burgundian Rule

5th century – 16th century

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the region fragmented into feudal territories. During the late Middle Ages, much of present-day Belgium came under the control of the Burgundian Netherlands, becoming a center of trade, art, and political power in Europe.

Habsburg Rule and Foreign Dominance

16th century – 1830

Belgium was ruled successively by the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs before being incorporated into the United Kingdom of the Netherlands following the Napoleonic Wars. Religious, linguistic, and political tensions during this period set the stage for independence.

Independence and Modern State

1830–present

Belgium gained independence in 1830 and established a constitutional monarchy. The country experienced significant industrial growth in the 19th century and endured occupation during both World Wars. In the late 20th century, Belgium transitioned into a federal state to accommodate its linguistic and cultural divisions, while also becoming a key center for European governance.

Major Cities

5 listed

Notable POIs

10 listed

Royal Palace of Brussels

POI

Official administrative residence of the Belgian monarch featuring over 200 rooms, including a Throne Room with bas-reliefs by Auguste Rodin and a Hall of Mirrors decorated with 1.6 million jewel beetle wings.

Atomium

POI

Centerpiece of the 1958 World Expo, symbolizing postwar optimism, scientific progress, and Belgium’s embrace of modernity through its iconic atomic-era design.