The Palazzo Reale di Napoli is a historic palace located in the Piazza del Plebiscito, serving as one of the four residences used by the Bourbon kings during their rule of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Construction began in 1600 under the direction of architect Domenico Fontana, commissioned by the Spanish viceroy Fernando Ruiz de Castro to host King Philip III of Spain, though the monarch never visited.
Over the centuries, the palace underwent significant expansions and renovations, most notably following a fire in 1837. Today, the complex houses the National Library of Naples, the historic Royal Apartments, and the Teatro di San Carlo, functioning as a major cultural institution that preserves the artistic and political history of the city.
Key Facts
- Materials
- Brick, Stucco, Marble, Tufa
- Civilization
- Kingdom of Naples
- Accessibility
- Partially accessible; elevator access to the Royal Apartments
- Date(s)
- 1600-1602
- Condition
- Well-preserved, functioning as a museum and library
- Original Function
- Royal residence for the Spanish viceroys
- Key Figures
- Domenico Fontana, Luigi Vanvitelli, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Origins and Spanish Viceroys
1600-1734Commissioned by Viceroy Fernando Ruiz de Castro, the palace was designed by Domenico Fontana to provide a grand residence for the Spanish monarchy. It served as the seat of the Spanish viceroys for over a century.
The Bourbon Era
1734-1860With the establishment of the independent Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the palace became the primary residence of the Bourbon kings. Architects like Luigi Vanvitelli were employed to modernize the interiors and expand the structure.
Modern Transformation
1860-PresentFollowing the unification of Italy, the palace became a residence for the House of Savoy. In 1925, the building was transferred to the state, which established the National Library of Naples within its walls, alongside the museum of the Royal Apartments.