Westminster Abbey, formally the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London. Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066, it has been the traditional site of coronations and burials for British monarchs. The current structure, largely built between 1245 and 1517, serves as a Royal Peculiar and remains an active place of worship.
Beyond its role in royal ceremonies, the Abbey functions as a significant national monument, housing the tombs of numerous monarchs, aristocrats, and notable historical figures, including Isaac Newton, Charles Dickens, and Stephen Hawking. Its architectural significance is marked by its French Gothic influence, particularly in the nave and the Henry VII Chapel, which features intricate fan vaulting.
Key Facts
- Materials
- Purbeck marble, Caen stone, Reigate stone
- Civilization
- English
- Accessibility
- Fully accessible with step-free access and audio guides
- Date(s)
- 1245–1517
- Condition
- Well-preserved, active church
- Original Function
- Benedictine Monastery
- Key Figures
- Edward the Confessor, Henry III, Henry VII, Elizabeth I
Foundations and Early History
1042–1066King Edward the Confessor began the construction of a grand church on the site of an earlier Benedictine monastery. Consecrated in 1065, it was designed to serve as his royal burial place and established the site's long-standing connection to the English monarchy.
Gothic Reconstruction
1245–1517King Henry III ordered the rebuilding of the Abbey in the new Gothic style to honor Edward the Confessor. The work continued over centuries, culminating in the construction of the Lady Chapel, now known as the Henry VII Chapel, which represents the pinnacle of late medieval English architecture.
Post-Reformation and Modern Era
1540–presentFollowing the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the Abbey narrowly escaped destruction by being granted the status of a Royal Peculiar. It has since served as the setting for every British coronation and numerous royal weddings, while continuing to function as a site of national commemoration.