The Lyon Cathedral, dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, serves as the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon. Construction began in 1180 on the site of older religious buildings and continued until 1476, resulting in a structure that blends Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles. The cathedral is particularly noted for its 14th-century astronomical clock and its collection of stained glass windows dating from the 13th and 14th centuries.
Historically, the cathedral has been a site of significant ecclesiastical and political importance, most notably hosting the First Council of Lyon in 1245 and the Second Council of Lyon in 1274. These councils were pivotal in shaping medieval Church policy, managing the relationship between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire, and organizing crusades.
Key Facts
- Materials
- Limestone, Sandstone
- Civilization
- Medieval French
- Accessibility
- Ground level accessible, some areas restricted
- Date(s)
- 1180 - 1476
- Condition
- Active religious site
- Original Function
- Cathedral
- Key Figures
- Pope Innocent IV, Pope Gregory X
Foundations and Early Construction
12th CenturyConstruction of the current cathedral began around 1180 under the direction of Archbishop Dreux de Beaujeu. The structure was built over the remains of earlier Merovingian and Carolingian churches, incorporating elements of the older foundations.
Ecclesiastical Councils
13th CenturyThe cathedral gained international prominence by hosting the First Council of Lyon in 1245, which excommunicated Emperor Frederick II, and the Second Council of Lyon in 1274, which sought to reunite the Eastern and Western churches.
Completion and Gothic Expansion
14th - 15th CenturyThe facade and the main body of the cathedral were completed during this period. The intricate Gothic detailing and the installation of the famous astronomical clock occurred as the building reached its final architectural form.
Modern Preservation
19th Century - PresentThe cathedral has undergone several restoration campaigns to preserve its medieval masonry and stained glass. It remains an active place of worship and a central landmark within the UNESCO-listed historic site of Lyon.