Zamek Książ, located in Wałbrzych, is the third-largest castle in Poland and the largest in the Lower Silesia region. Originally constructed in the late 13th century as a defensive fortress for the Dukes of Świdnica-Jawor, the site underwent numerous architectural transformations over the centuries, evolving from a medieval stronghold into a sprawling Baroque and Neo-Renaissance residence.
For over four centuries, the castle served as the ancestral seat of the Hochberg family, one of the most influential aristocratic houses in the region. During World War II, the castle was seized by the Nazi regime and became part of the secretive Project Riese, leading to extensive underground excavations and the destruction of much of the original interior. Today, the castle functions as a museum and cultural center, showcasing a blend of preserved historical interiors and the remnants of its wartime transformation.
Key Facts
- Materials
- Stone, Brick, Stucco
- Civilization
- Polish/German
- Accessibility
- Partial accessibility; some areas involve stairs and uneven terrain
- Date(s)
- 1288-1292
- Condition
- Restored and open to the public
- Original Function
- Defensive fortress
- Key Figures
- Bolko I the Strict, Daisy of Pless, Hans Heinrich XV
Medieval Origins
13th centuryThe castle was founded by Bolko I the Strict, Duke of Świdnica-Jawor, between 1288 and 1292. It served as a strategic defensive point known as the 'Key to Silesia,' protecting the trade routes through the Sudetes mountains.
Hochberg Era
1509-1941In 1509, the castle passed to the Hochberg family, who would hold it for over 400 years. Under their patronage, the fortress was expanded into a luxurious residence, particularly during the 18th-century Baroque renovations that added the iconic Maximilian Hall.
World War II and Project Riese
1941-1945The Nazi Organization Todt seized the castle in 1941. The interior was largely gutted to facilitate the construction of a massive underground tunnel complex, part of the mysterious Project Riese, the purpose of which remains a subject of intense historical speculation.
Post-War Restoration
1945-presentFollowing the war, the castle suffered from neglect and looting. Systematic restoration efforts began in the 1970s, focusing on stabilizing the structure and reconstructing the damaged interiors to reflect their former grandeur.
Cultural Significance
Zamek Książ is a symbol of Lower Silesian history, representing the complex interplay between Polish, German, and Silesian identities. It is deeply embedded in regional folklore, particularly regarding the life of Princess Daisy of Pless, whose legacy remains a major draw for tourism and cultural heritage studies in the region.
Interpretive Notes
Scholarly debates and areas of uncertainty
The primary scholarly debate concerns the true purpose of the Project Riese tunnels beneath the castle. While some historians argue they were intended as a command headquarters for Adolf Hitler, others suggest they were part of a larger, unfinished industrial or nuclear research facility.
Visiting Information
Entry Rules
Open daily. Tickets are required for entry to the castle interiors and the underground tunnels. Guided tours are available in multiple languages. Modest attire is recommended.
Best Times to Visit
Spring and autumn offer the best conditions for exploring the surrounding Książ Landscape Park. Summer months are peak tourist season, leading to significant crowds.
Photography
Personal photography is permitted in most areas without flash. Professional photography and filming require prior authorization from the castle administration.
Nearby POIs
1 shownSources & Further Reading
- [1]The Książ Castle: A History of the Hochberg Residence — Mateusz Mykytyszyn. Książ Castle Press (2018)
- [2]Project Riese: The Underground Secrets of Lower Silesia — Jacek Cieliczko. Silesian Historical Review (2015)
Key Facts
- Materials
- Stone, Brick, Stucco
- Civilization
- Polish/German
- Accessibility
- Partial accessibility; some areas involve stairs and uneven terrain